Analysis of Factors Affecting the Pressure of Transport Carton

The transportation packaging business has not received enough attention from most companies, especially logistics management personnel. This is due in part to the fact that transport packaging (design and procurement) is managed in many companies by dedicated personnel (raw materials procurement or technical personnel). On the other hand, the cost of transport packages tends to be small compared to the items they hold. In fact, the right choice of transport packaging can not only reduce the company's procurement costs, but also improve the efficiency of logistics channels and reduce the rate of damage in the logistics channels. And these require logistics management personnel to have certain expertise in transport packaging. Please look at the following questions:

In warehouse management, for cartons full of goods, horizontal or vertical, in addition to the impact on the goods themselves, what are the adverse effects on the carton itself?

When designing the size of the carton, what ratio of length, width and height can make the same volume and consumables minimum?

What is the difference between the vertical stacking (slotted block type) and alternate stacking codes in warehouse stacking code?

As corrugated board is used as the material in the world, the production of packaging containers accounts for more than 50% of the total merchandise packaging. Therefore, this article focuses only on some of the professional knowledge of corrugated boxes.

Transport packaging features

â—† Prevent the damage of goods in the logistics channel

In the entire logistics system, the damage to be considered comes from the damage caused by the physical environment of the logistics process, such as vibration, impact, puncture and compression, and shelving, stacking, or transportation. Collapse and subversion;

â—† Improve the efficiency of the operation of the goods during storage and transportation

The effectiveness of packaging in the logistics operation directly affects the volume utilization of the loading and unloading of vehicles, the receipt and dispatch of goods from warehouses, and the movement of vehicles and warehouses. Most of the logistics activities can be expressed in unit packaging.

â—† Pass information

Product identification manufacturer, product name, internal quantity, date, and identification code; this information is extremely important when receiving, selecting, and confirming the waybill. Their design should be clearly visible from a reasonable distance and angle. The only exception is valuables, which are usually tagged so that theft is minimal.

Tracking and statistics of goods are necessary at all stages of storage and transportation. The use of bar codes can improve the efficiency of information processing in logistics management and reduce errors.

Operation Instructions Many transportation packages are marked with instructions to indicate the work of the storage and transportation process, such as stacking and handling.

Corrugated box structure and type

Simple corrugated boxes are constructed with a layer of corrugated cardboard. Its paperboard structure is shown in Figure 1. It is divided into face paper, core paper and liner paper. Face paper (paper) and core paper can be made of different paper materials according to different needs. The choice of paper material is the main factor that determines the cost of the carton.

Type A is characterized by a small number of corrugations per unit length and the highest corrugation height. Because it is used in the packaging of lightweight products, the buffering force is very large, so the type A cardboard is most commonly used.

Type B is the opposite of Type A, with the largest number of watts per unit length and the smallest height. Therefore, its performance is also opposite to that of Type A. Corrugated cartons made from Type B crepeboard are able to withstand large surface pressures and are suitable for harder products such as canned goods and packaged goods. The AB-composite double-layered corrugated structure is often used in practice, which combines the features of two types of corrugations but at a higher cost.

The number of turns of the C-type crucible height and unit length is between the A-type crucible and the B-type crucible, and the performance thereof is also roughly within the range of both. Type C corrugated cardboard was designed and manufactured by the United States during the Second World War to transport military supplies. It is rarely used in other countries.

Type E is a type of corrugated cardboard with E-shaped rectangular slots designed to replace monoliths in the United States. Compared with flat carton, E type carp has the characteristics of light weight, good cushioning, low cost and good printing effect. Therefore, E-type cardboard is very promising. Table 1 shows the technical requirements for different types of dies.

Table 1

Corrugated type 楞 Height (mm) Number of watts per 30 centimeters
Type A 楞4.5-5 34±2
Type B 楞2.5-3 50±2
Type C 楞3.4-4 40±2
Type E 楞 1.1-1.3 93±5

â—† The shape of the corrugated

Commonly used corrugated shapes are U-shaped and V-shaped. The top of the U-shaped ridge is round, while the ridge of the V-shaped ridge is similar to the apex of the triangle. The main features of the two are as follows:

The structure of the U-shaped crucible is flexible, and the U-shaped corrugated paper has a soft touch when pressed against a U-shaped corrugated cardboard. In the elastic deformation range, the U-type crucible has a strong elastic restoring force. When the external force is eliminated, it can immediately return to its original state. Its disadvantage is that compared with the V-type crucible, the use of core paper and adhesive is large and uneconomical. Due to the structural characteristics of the U-shaped crucible, the crucible roller used in the production process has a longer life than the V-shaped crucible roller. In addition, from the actual operation of corrugating machines, U-type boring generally does not have a dome-break phenomenon, which is beneficial to improving the bonding speed of the machine. Moreover, due to the small wear of the U-shaped boring rolls, the variation of the board thickness of the corrugated paper after bonding is also small. Easy to manage quality. Therefore, in terms of production costs, U-shaped rakes are used more often.

The characteristic of the V-type crucible is that the entire crucible is formed by a straight line, so the V-shaped crucible is very strong. When pressed by hand, the feeling is very hard, and the plane pressure strength is higher than that of the U-shaped cardboard. The disadvantage is that once the elastic limit is exceeded, the restoring force is completely lost. Compared with U-type crucibles, V-type crucibles have less use of core paper and adhesives, but in actual production, there are features such as large wear of corrugating rollers. In addition, during the manufacturing process, dome fracture often occurs, making it difficult to increase the production speed of the corrugating machine. At the same time, due to the quick wear of the V-shaped corrugated corrugating roller, the thickness of the corrugated board produced also changes accordingly.

The main factors affecting the compressive strength of corrugated boxes

â—† The relationship between the perimeter of the tank and the compressive strength is shown in Figure 2. The perimeter value increases, and its pressure index increases.

â—† The relationship between box height and pressure is shown in Fig. 3. When the box height increases, the pressure index decreases, which is obviously inversely proportional. Contrary to the perimeter and pressure, a feature can also be found in the figure. When the box height is in the range of 10cm-30cm, if the box height changes very little, the pressure index decreases more. Generally, this problem should be paid attention to when designing the specifications of the box, especially when designing the size of the box.

â—† Relationship between moisture content and compressive strength of corrugated boxes. Water content is inversely proportional to the pressure index. In general, when the corrugated box moisture increases by 1%, the compressive strength of the carton will drop by about 9%.

â—† Change in load time and pressure of corrugated boxes. Time after loading corrugated boxes is often several days or longer. As shown in Figure 4, the pressure capacity of the box decreases with time. After two hours, the decrease in pressure is evident. When the storage time is 10 days to 100 days, the carton compressive capacity is only 68% -53% of the initial test strength.

â—† Other factors influencing the compressive strength of corrugated cartons include the production of raw materials for corrugated board, the manufacturing technology of corrugated board, and the manufacturing technology of corrugated boxes.

Factors Affecting Carton Pressure During Logistics Process

â—† How to prevent cartons

Carton full of goods, there are three placed directions, namely flat, horizontal and vertical. The flat is the corrugated vertical to the ground and is also the correct placement. Horizontal and vertical placements will incur adverse results. If the flat intensity is 100, then the horizontal and vertical intensity is 60 and 40 respectively. This requires that the correct placement method should be adopted in the warehouse stacking or in the transportation.

â—† Stacking form of carton

There are many forms of full-loaded cartons stacked in yards or stacked on pallets, but they can be summarized in two forms: Longitudinal stacking (joint block type) and alternate stacking , Such as wells, hollow type and pressure joint block type. When stacking is in tandem mode, the pressure drops by 18% because there will be no errors during stacking, which will result in a decrease in intensity; and the strength of alternate stacking will drop by 55%. However, alternate stacking is not easy to fall sideways.

â—† Impact of Shock Shock on Pressure

Recently, due to the popularization of mechanical loading and unloading, the vibration shocks caused by external forces have become more prominent in the circulation process. In the actual transportation process, the intensity of vibration impact on the corrugated box is related to the transportation vehicle and the transportation distance. In railway transportation, the shock impact strength mainly depends on the transportation distance; while the automobile transportation, in addition to the transportation distance, is also affected by the road conditions, the state of tire inflation, and the speed of travel. In addition, the cargo loaded on the back of the car is subjected to more shocks than the cargo in the front of the carriage. According to the test data, the impact of automobile transportation is mostly 1-2G (acceleration), and the impact of rail transport is mostly 0.5-1G. But regardless of the car and rail transport, the impact is much less than the impact of the handling of falling or overturning.

In summary, when deciding to choose a carton, factors such as product characteristics, storage conditions, transportation tools, circulation time, warehouse operations, etc. must be taken into account to determine the load-bearing capacity of the required carton, and to select the appropriate box type and material, and to combine Costs to finalize the plan. When designing the size of the carton, on the one hand, the size of the content product must be taken into account while balancing the loading and unloading and the utilization of the vehicle/tray/shelf. It is worth mentioning that, after mathematical calculations, it can be concluded that when the volume ratio of the carton is 2:1:2 when the volume remains the same, the material consumed by the carton is the least.