Leather terminology

Raw hide : A general term for a skin that has not been tanned.

Cowhide : The general term for cowhide, currently based on vegetable cattle.

Male cowhide : adult male cowhide.

Cowskin : cows that have grown or have had calves, and cows are also among them. Cow hides are suitable for clothing and gloves.

Medium cow skin : This cow is a cow that has not been three years old and has not had a calf.

Medium cowhide : The size of this skin is between the big cow and the calf, which can be called regardless of the male cow.

Calfskin : It is usually a general term that refers to cowhide that has not been produced for one year, regardless of gender.

Lambskin : It is a small goat skin, usually two to five square meters in size, while the big goatskin is a general name for five-square feet or more and a large sheep. The sheep skin is a fairly soft skin, usually used in clothing. .

Buffalo: most of them produced in the tropics, while grain leather with large, coarse, more suitable for making furniture like leather, while the small buffalo are used in advanced footwear. Combined with the treatment of plant tannins, it is a very popular variety in recent years, such as waxing.

Since the surface of the animal is inevitably subject to abrasions and lesions during the growth process, it is very difficult to find a perfect skin. Because of the short growth time and fine lines, the small buffalo lambs are better in the perfection of the skin, but the price is high and the cutting loss is large. Therefore, in addition to the high-grade shoes, few people can bear the cost of the leather. .

There are many names for leather, depending on the method of leather surface treatment. It is often classified by benzene dyed or semi-benzene stained leather and paint skin.

Benzene dyed leather refers to the surface of leather that is colored with dye, but has no covering coating. This kind of leather is surface-coated with casein or resin. Because it is not covered, it is too much when selecting the skin. A lot of scars and abrasions can't be done with benzene stains. Because of the often chromatic aberration in dyeing, it is inevitable on pure benzene stained skin. At present, the proportion of pure dyed leather produced in China is not large. It is used in some senior gentlemen's shoes and work shoes. However, benzene dyed leather and the commonly known drum dyed leather are still surface-coated and used directly on shoes. Because the leather emphasizes the natural, the natural pattern and delicate performance of the benzene dyed leather show the beauty of the leather, and the value is naturally higher than the coating skin.

Paint skin is the most popular type of leather in the world. The coating skin has quite many advantages. Firstly, the color is consistent, and it has good physical properties. It is easy to keep and not easy to damage. The disadvantage is that the leather surface is heavy and natural. It is not as good as benzene dyed leather. The coating skin does not mean low-grade leather. Because a variety of shoes have to use the coating skin, the physical conditions required for the footwear can be achieved, such as the wear resistance and washing resistance of the sports shoes. It can be done with paint and resin.

Semi-benzene stained leather is between benzene dyed leather and paint skin. This kind of practice is slightly worse for the skin condition, and the pure benzene dye may not cover the slight sputum, and the coating skin has too heavy coverage. Whether it is pure benzene dyeing or coating surface treatment, the physical physical properties of leather will not be much different.

It is divided into leather surface lines, usually divided into bead skin, polished skin and embossed skin.

The bead skin is the original pattern of the leather body. The majority of the benzene dyed and semi-benzene dyed skin belongs to the bead skin, and does not need to go through the grinding process.

Grinding the skin as the name suggests, the surface needs to be smoothed to make some of the scratches and sputum disappear. If the customer asks for special patterns, the embossed skin with the most capillary lines is usually used, and the polished skin and embossed skin mostly belong to the coating skin.

Crust : A skin that has not been surface treated. This kind of skin is made into shoes and leather accessories after being treated by water field, such as suede and anti-fur. This skin has been finely sanded and has a good hand feeling, just like the surface of the flannel is mainly used for attention. An important material for warm footwear. Such as hiking shoes, and the suede of pigskin can be used in almost all kinds of shoes, women's shoes and sports shoes account for half, suede is a very important material in clothing, since humans have written records, it is in life Part of it.

Oil skin : Some hiking shoes or shoes for boats often use oily leather. This leather is opened with nails or hands, and the color becomes lighter or deeper, but it is normal after the hand is smoothed. This kind of leather with some sticky oily feel is called oil skin.

Waxed leather : leather that has been polished and semi-planted to produce a color-changing charcoal effect, called waxed leather. This kind of leather has been popular for a long time and it is still not bad.

Rubbing leather : It is a surface coating method that sprays the surface of the leather into a darker color, but the background color is light, and after the cloth wheel is rubbed, a beautiful two-color effect can be produced. Polished leather: using traditional leather treatment, surface finishing with casein, and then the machine uses a glass roller, repeatedly polished leather surface to produce elegant transparent luster, this kind of leather is called polished leather, currently in advanced The calfskin, lambskin and snakeskin are still used in this way, which is suitable for high-grade shoes. This kind of leather is poor in water resistance and is not suitable for outdoor shoes, especially for casual shoes. Senior shoe manufacturers in Europe still prefer to polish their skin because of its bright and natural color.

Generally, the skin produced is mainly half-skin. Since the whole piece of cowhide is as large as four or fifty square feet, if it is not cut from the middle, the machine and the place to be operated will increase, so the cowhide generally seen is half. Leather, but some are used for the leather on the furniture, so do not cut it to increase the area of ​​use. As for the calf and lambskin, the original area is not large, so there is no need to cut it.

Bottom leather : It is the transformation of leather collagen tissue into leather after planting. The price of bottom leather is different from that of general leather. It is usually calculated in kilograms, and the relationship between thickness and price is also large. Recently, there are many factories, using double layer leather or Recycled leather is the bottom. This chrome-tanned material has a thickness of 3mill. Although it is not as resistant to plant tanned leather, it is much cheaper and is also calculated in terms of area.

The finished leather is not only soft to the touch, but also popular in color, and it can not damage the original characteristics of the leather. Such as daylight fastness, wear resistance, tortuosity and so on.

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