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Chapter One Introduction
Section 1 Development of Bookbinding Technology
Printing is one of the four inventions of the working people in ancient China. Book binding technology originated before the invention of printing, about 3,000 years ago in the Shang Dynasty era. It comes as people invent and use words. The form of book binding in China is roughly started with the simple binding of the turtle booklet and the simple policy. After being loaded with the scroll, it has developed into an ancient binding form such as folding, cyclone, butterfly, bag back, and cable. Modern binding is mainly in the form of paperback, hardcover and saddle stitching. Each type of binding has undergone a long process of change, and each type of binding has its own characteristics due to the economic and cultural conditions at that time, the method of making the books, and the materials used.
One, turtles loaded
In the Shang Dynasty era from 1500 to 1100 BC, there was the title of "tortoise book." The "tortoise book" is the earliest binding form in China. The materials used to make turtles are turtle shells (called armour) and the shoulder blades of cattle and sheep. The method used to create the turtle book is to string the tortoise shells and animal bones.
Second, simple policy
With the development of social production, people's need for cultural science has become more and more urgent. The bulky turtle book can no longer meet the requirements of the time. Therefore, people gradually use bamboo as a material to replace the Oracle records. The letters written on bamboo strips by people are called Jian, and those written on wooden planks are called "Xian." In order to facilitate collection, the bamboo slips will be written and each hole will be worn one above the other, with silk cords, leather, or rattan, and they will be simplified and linked together. This kind of braided bamboo slips is called a “measure†and is also called "Simple policy." Sometimes at the beginning of the policy, two blank blanks without words are also compiled to protect the text, which is called "Simplification." Jane's Jane is the source of the seal in later books. After compiling Jiancheng strategy, with the axis at the end as the axis, roll it forward and put it into a pre-made cloth bag for preservation. This bag is called a sac, also called a sac. Later generations also referred to a book as a saying, which was due to this.
Bamboo slips are a long-used form of book borrowing in our country's history. The golden age of Jane's main form of books was the period of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States from 770 BC to 221 BC. The simple installation shown in Figure 1-1.
Three, roll loading
Around the Qin and Han dynasties, China had a form of scroll binding.
The reel loading was evolved from the roll of crickets. Around the end of the Spring and Autumn Period in the Warring States period, China began to use books to write books, which is a kind of book format for writing characters and images on silk fabrics. The mounting method of the regular script is relatively simple. Most of them are used in a roll-up method. After writing, they are still rolled up from the end, so they are called scrolls. The silk is silky and full of softness, so it is also available in a folded collection. Although there are many advantages compared to the simple strategy, the regular script uses silk as a common material for books, and after all, the price is too high. When the Eastern Han Dynasty of the 2nd century AD, Cai Lunhong invented the papermaking technique and invented printing in the 7th century AD, using paper as writing and printing materials, which greatly promoted the development of book binding technology. Because the paper also has the characteristics of soft and light, the binding method is to roll the written long paper book from the end to the form of a roll, so it is still called a roll, as shown in Figure 1-2. The scroll is rolled from left to right. On the right is the head of the book. In order to protect the head of the book, a blank space is left in front of the roll and a piece of tough paper or textile material is called. This is called 缥, and later it is called 包. The front end of the coffin was tied with a piece of silk, called a tape, for binding the book. The axis of the book is usually made of bamboo and wood. The more elaborate scroll material is glass, ivory, enamel and so on. The roll, shaft, cassette, and belt are the four parts of the reel.
In the early prints, the most important thing was the form of scrolls. Like the diamond-printed version of the Tang Dynasty, the Diamond Sutra was scroll-framed. For calligraphy, scroll loading is also an ideal form of binding. The axis of the reel has a certain weight. When the calligraphy and painting are hung, it just plays the role of sagging of the calligraphy. When it is not hung, it can be rolled up and the collection is more convenient. The roll holder is shown in Figure 1-3.
Fourth, cyclone equipment
Scrolls of books have been used for hundreds of years. The biggest drawback is that they are inconvenient to read. A long book is a few feet long. Whether it is reading through the whole book or reading a paragraph or sentence, it must be opened, reviewed, rolled up, stored, and time-consuming. In addition, the papers are glued together and reassembled into a single sheet of paper. The procedure is cumbersome. With the development of social science culture, about the middle of the Tang Dynasty, pages of books began to appear.
The first book in the form of a page was a cyclone, which was developed on the basis of a scroll. Its binding method is based on a strip of paper that is slightly wider and thicker than the book page. The full page of the one-sided home page is then glued to the right side of the base paper. The remaining pages are written on both sides because they are written on both sides. A piece of paper is attached to the empty space of the word, and the leaf-by-leaf row is misaligned on the bottom sheet outside each page. At the time of collection, contrary to the orientation of the reel, it was rolled up from the beginning and end. From the outside, it was still a reel loaded. When the paper was opened, it resembled dragon scales, so some people called him dragon scales. When the paper roll is closed, the pages spin in one direction like a whirlwind, so they are called cyclones. This framing method preserves the basic features of the reel, and is easy to read, one step further than the reel. Therefore, the cyclone is the transition from the scroll to the album and the initial form of the album.
Fifth, by folding
The cyclone device solves the problem of inconvenience in roll unwinding, but it is still stored in an axe and rolled up and has not yet completely separated from the reel. Since then, a new binding method has appeared again.
After dismantling, also known as page loading. Appeared roughly, popular in the late Tang Dynasty after the middle of the 9th century. The method of folding is still to glue the pages into a long strip. The width of the pages is generally 60-80mm or 200-300mm long. However, instead of rolling up, the strips are continuously folded around in accordance with certain rules to form a rectangular fold. In order to protect the front and tail pages from wear, a thick layer of paper is used as a protective cover on top of each other, also known as a book cover and a cover. Because this method was first used in the Buddhist scriptures, it was called dismantled, as shown in Figure 1-5. Indian Buddhism uses Bayeux as a book, which in turn is woven into a stack. Each of the upper and lower jaws is accompanied by a piece of bamboo or wood that is the same size as the leaves. The middle section of the splint is separated by a certain distance. Together with the meridians, two holes in the small hole are perpendicularly passed through, and the string is knotted in a rope to become a book of the Brahman. Therefore, the Brahman is the ancient india written in Sanskrit. The form of the binding. The appearance of dismounting marked the transformation of the Chinese book's binding from the roll to the album.
It has been a long time since the disguise. Until now there are still some characters, travel pictures, scrapbooks, and so on, because some images give people a complete impression when they look through. The biggest drawback of dismantling is that the number of books is turned over more frequently, and they are easily disconnected from creases, causing the entire book to be scattered, causing great inconvenience for preservation and reading. As a result, some people booked the pages of scattered books, which resulted in the current album-style books.
Six, butterfly loading
Butterfly also known as butterfly equipment. The emergence of engraving and printing books, especially after entering the Song Dynasty, after the popularity of engraving and printing books, the form of production of books has changed, and butterfly suits have been created to suit the characteristics of engraving and printing.
The production method of the butterfly is to fold each printed page to the face of the printed text. The fold line must be in the midline of the seam in the middle, and then the seam is glued to the back of the bag. On paper. This framing book was opened to the middle of the book, and the pages spread out on both sides, such as butterfly wings and butterfly names, as shown in Figure 1-6. The butterfly suits the characteristics of the one-page edition of the printed book. The text faces inwards, which is conducive to the protection of texts within the edition frame. There are no pinholes and paper holes, which have been popular in the Song and Yuan Dynasties for hundreds of years. Butterfly is characterized by the book in the middle, the text inward, which is both its advantages and its shortcomings, so that the first thing to read is to read the reverse side of the word, and it is still inconvenient.
Seven, and combined equipment
The combined installation is a relatively simple method of binding that occurs after butterfly installation. It is characterized by the fact that the book block and the enclosure can be separated, the book block can be replaced at any time, and the enclosure is hard and durable. Up till now, some loose-leaf documents have been used and assembled, but they have been used for various books, account cards, and booklets.
The assembly method is that, in the upper and lower seams of the inner layer of the capsule, each sticks a string (also called a seal) for threading and binding, and generally has the same width as the inner core, and the upper hole 2 ~3. When the assembly is used, according to the position of the hole on the seal ear, the holes are marked in the setting part of the book block, and then they are put together by thread or rope, which becomes a book, as shown in Figure 1-7.
Eight, back pack
The back pack is developed on the basis of the butterfly package. The difference from the butterfly package is that the printed page is folded back, folded into a book opening, with the text facing outwards, and then the book page is creased. Qi, flattened, set on the opposite side of the crease with a paper basket, flattened. Then trim the remaining pages outside the paper to form a book back. Then use a piece of paper thicker than the book leaves as a front and back cover around the back of the book to stick to the back of the book, and then trim the head and feet of the feet, even if a back-loaded book is finished. This bookbinding method is characterized by the inclusion of a book back, so it is called a back pack.
Back packs appeared in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Later, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, official government books took this form. Package back loading not only keeps the butterfly loading inspection convenient. Packing back into the Ming Dynasty has become the most popular form of binding. However, because the back of the book is bound by paper, the paste sticks back and cannot withstand frequent reading. It is easily scattered and eventually replaced by a thread.
Nine, line book
The binding of books began in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. The line-up method is basically the same as that for back-packing, except that instead of the entire paper-backed booklet, the cover is cut into two pieces of paper or cloth of the same size as the book page, and then threaded and bound together with the book page. This kind of binding method is our country's traditional framing method, which is not only easy to read but also difficult to break. Coupled with a variety of styles of books and letters, it is extraordinarily simple and elegant, until today, some books still use this binding method, as shown in Figure 1-9.
Ten, paperback
Paperback is one of the main binding forms for modern books and albums. It is usually in the form of a paper cover and a laminating film. Paperback book processing in a variety of ways: iron flat stitching, sewing set, three eyeliner set, wireless glue book, lock line set, plastic line hot set. The paperback process is simple, easy to use, and inexpensive. It is currently the most commonly used form of binding in China. It is known in the world as a paperback book and booklet.
Eleven, saddle stitch
On the stitching stapler, the book sticker and the cover are fitted and straddled on the book shelf. The iron wire is threaded into the inside of the spine of the book, and is fixed with two iron nails to form a saddle stitch.
Saddle stitching has the advantages of short process flow, fast publishing, low cost, flattening of pages, and easy reading. However, the wire nails tend to rust and have low fastness. After a long time of use, the cover and the middle pages of the pages easily fall off. Saddle-stitching is one of the most commonly used binding methods at home and abroad for binding printed materials such as periodicals, magazines, product samples, and exercise books.
Twelve, hardcover
Hardcover is an elaborate binding method for books. Generally, cardboard is used as a book shell, and a hard cover is made after the decoration process. The material of the surface layer is cloth, paper, hemp, silk fabric, lacquer cloth, and artificial leather, and a plastic film is also used as a cover. Hardcover book core processing, generally including gluing, flattening, drying, rolling round, ridge, paste gauze, adhesive plug cloth and silk screen and other processes. Book blocks can be processed into round and square backs. Hardback book backs differ from paperback books in that they have a hard back, a cavity back, and a soft back. The advantage of hardcover is that the processing is fine, beautiful, generous, easy to read, and convenient for long-term preservation. However, due to the use of expensive materials, binding fees, processing costs
Section 1 Development of Bookbinding Technology
Printing is one of the four inventions of the working people in ancient China. Book binding technology originated before the invention of printing, about 3,000 years ago in the Shang Dynasty era. It comes as people invent and use words. The form of book binding in China is roughly started with the simple binding of the turtle booklet and the simple policy. After being loaded with the scroll, it has developed into an ancient binding form such as folding, cyclone, butterfly, bag back, and cable. Modern binding is mainly in the form of paperback, hardcover and saddle stitching. Each type of binding has undergone a long process of change, and each type of binding has its own characteristics due to the economic and cultural conditions at that time, the method of making the books, and the materials used.
One, turtles loaded
In the Shang Dynasty era from 1500 to 1100 BC, there was the title of "tortoise book." The "tortoise book" is the earliest binding form in China. The materials used to make turtles are turtle shells (called armour) and the shoulder blades of cattle and sheep. The method used to create the turtle book is to string the tortoise shells and animal bones.
Second, simple policy
With the development of social production, people's need for cultural science has become more and more urgent. The bulky turtle book can no longer meet the requirements of the time. Therefore, people gradually use bamboo as a material to replace the Oracle records. The letters written on bamboo strips by people are called Jian, and those written on wooden planks are called "Xian." In order to facilitate collection, the bamboo slips will be written and each hole will be worn one above the other, with silk cords, leather, or rattan, and they will be simplified and linked together. This kind of braided bamboo slips is called a “measure†and is also called "Simple policy." Sometimes at the beginning of the policy, two blank blanks without words are also compiled to protect the text, which is called "Simplification." Jane's Jane is the source of the seal in later books. After compiling Jiancheng strategy, with the axis at the end as the axis, roll it forward and put it into a pre-made cloth bag for preservation. This bag is called a sac, also called a sac. Later generations also referred to a book as a saying, which was due to this.
Bamboo slips are a long-used form of book borrowing in our country's history. The golden age of Jane's main form of books was the period of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States from 770 BC to 221 BC. The simple installation shown in Figure 1-1.
Three, roll loading
Around the Qin and Han dynasties, China had a form of scroll binding.
The reel loading was evolved from the roll of crickets. Around the end of the Spring and Autumn Period in the Warring States period, China began to use books to write books, which is a kind of book format for writing characters and images on silk fabrics. The mounting method of the regular script is relatively simple. Most of them are used in a roll-up method. After writing, they are still rolled up from the end, so they are called scrolls. The silk is silky and full of softness, so it is also available in a folded collection. Although there are many advantages compared to the simple strategy, the regular script uses silk as a common material for books, and after all, the price is too high. When the Eastern Han Dynasty of the 2nd century AD, Cai Lunhong invented the papermaking technique and invented printing in the 7th century AD, using paper as writing and printing materials, which greatly promoted the development of book binding technology. Because the paper also has the characteristics of soft and light, the binding method is to roll the written long paper book from the end to the form of a roll, so it is still called a roll, as shown in Figure 1-2. The scroll is rolled from left to right. On the right is the head of the book. In order to protect the head of the book, a blank space is left in front of the roll and a piece of tough paper or textile material is called. This is called 缥, and later it is called 包. The front end of the coffin was tied with a piece of silk, called a tape, for binding the book. The axis of the book is usually made of bamboo and wood. The more elaborate scroll material is glass, ivory, enamel and so on. The roll, shaft, cassette, and belt are the four parts of the reel.
In the early prints, the most important thing was the form of scrolls. Like the diamond-printed version of the Tang Dynasty, the Diamond Sutra was scroll-framed. For calligraphy, scroll loading is also an ideal form of binding. The axis of the reel has a certain weight. When the calligraphy and painting are hung, it just plays the role of sagging of the calligraphy. When it is not hung, it can be rolled up and the collection is more convenient. The roll holder is shown in Figure 1-3.
Fourth, cyclone equipment
Scrolls of books have been used for hundreds of years. The biggest drawback is that they are inconvenient to read. A long book is a few feet long. Whether it is reading through the whole book or reading a paragraph or sentence, it must be opened, reviewed, rolled up, stored, and time-consuming. In addition, the papers are glued together and reassembled into a single sheet of paper. The procedure is cumbersome. With the development of social science culture, about the middle of the Tang Dynasty, pages of books began to appear.
The first book in the form of a page was a cyclone, which was developed on the basis of a scroll. Its binding method is based on a strip of paper that is slightly wider and thicker than the book page. The full page of the one-sided home page is then glued to the right side of the base paper. The remaining pages are written on both sides because they are written on both sides. A piece of paper is attached to the empty space of the word, and the leaf-by-leaf row is misaligned on the bottom sheet outside each page. At the time of collection, contrary to the orientation of the reel, it was rolled up from the beginning and end. From the outside, it was still a reel loaded. When the paper was opened, it resembled dragon scales, so some people called him dragon scales. When the paper roll is closed, the pages spin in one direction like a whirlwind, so they are called cyclones. This framing method preserves the basic features of the reel, and is easy to read, one step further than the reel. Therefore, the cyclone is the transition from the scroll to the album and the initial form of the album.
Fifth, by folding
The cyclone device solves the problem of inconvenience in roll unwinding, but it is still stored in an axe and rolled up and has not yet completely separated from the reel. Since then, a new binding method has appeared again.
After dismantling, also known as page loading. Appeared roughly, popular in the late Tang Dynasty after the middle of the 9th century. The method of folding is still to glue the pages into a long strip. The width of the pages is generally 60-80mm or 200-300mm long. However, instead of rolling up, the strips are continuously folded around in accordance with certain rules to form a rectangular fold. In order to protect the front and tail pages from wear, a thick layer of paper is used as a protective cover on top of each other, also known as a book cover and a cover. Because this method was first used in the Buddhist scriptures, it was called dismantled, as shown in Figure 1-5. Indian Buddhism uses Bayeux as a book, which in turn is woven into a stack. Each of the upper and lower jaws is accompanied by a piece of bamboo or wood that is the same size as the leaves. The middle section of the splint is separated by a certain distance. Together with the meridians, two holes in the small hole are perpendicularly passed through, and the string is knotted in a rope to become a book of the Brahman. Therefore, the Brahman is the ancient india written in Sanskrit. The form of the binding. The appearance of dismounting marked the transformation of the Chinese book's binding from the roll to the album.
It has been a long time since the disguise. Until now there are still some characters, travel pictures, scrapbooks, and so on, because some images give people a complete impression when they look through. The biggest drawback of dismantling is that the number of books is turned over more frequently, and they are easily disconnected from creases, causing the entire book to be scattered, causing great inconvenience for preservation and reading. As a result, some people booked the pages of scattered books, which resulted in the current album-style books.
Six, butterfly loading
Butterfly also known as butterfly equipment. The emergence of engraving and printing books, especially after entering the Song Dynasty, after the popularity of engraving and printing books, the form of production of books has changed, and butterfly suits have been created to suit the characteristics of engraving and printing.
The production method of the butterfly is to fold each printed page to the face of the printed text. The fold line must be in the midline of the seam in the middle, and then the seam is glued to the back of the bag. On paper. This framing book was opened to the middle of the book, and the pages spread out on both sides, such as butterfly wings and butterfly names, as shown in Figure 1-6. The butterfly suits the characteristics of the one-page edition of the printed book. The text faces inwards, which is conducive to the protection of texts within the edition frame. There are no pinholes and paper holes, which have been popular in the Song and Yuan Dynasties for hundreds of years. Butterfly is characterized by the book in the middle, the text inward, which is both its advantages and its shortcomings, so that the first thing to read is to read the reverse side of the word, and it is still inconvenient.
Seven, and combined equipment
The combined installation is a relatively simple method of binding that occurs after butterfly installation. It is characterized by the fact that the book block and the enclosure can be separated, the book block can be replaced at any time, and the enclosure is hard and durable. Up till now, some loose-leaf documents have been used and assembled, but they have been used for various books, account cards, and booklets.
The assembly method is that, in the upper and lower seams of the inner layer of the capsule, each sticks a string (also called a seal) for threading and binding, and generally has the same width as the inner core, and the upper hole 2 ~3. When the assembly is used, according to the position of the hole on the seal ear, the holes are marked in the setting part of the book block, and then they are put together by thread or rope, which becomes a book, as shown in Figure 1-7.
Eight, back pack
The back pack is developed on the basis of the butterfly package. The difference from the butterfly package is that the printed page is folded back, folded into a book opening, with the text facing outwards, and then the book page is creased. Qi, flattened, set on the opposite side of the crease with a paper basket, flattened. Then trim the remaining pages outside the paper to form a book back. Then use a piece of paper thicker than the book leaves as a front and back cover around the back of the book to stick to the back of the book, and then trim the head and feet of the feet, even if a back-loaded book is finished. This bookbinding method is characterized by the inclusion of a book back, so it is called a back pack.
Back packs appeared in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Later, in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, official government books took this form. Package back loading not only keeps the butterfly loading inspection convenient. Packing back into the Ming Dynasty has become the most popular form of binding. However, because the back of the book is bound by paper, the paste sticks back and cannot withstand frequent reading. It is easily scattered and eventually replaced by a thread.
Nine, line book
The binding of books began in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. The line-up method is basically the same as that for back-packing, except that instead of the entire paper-backed booklet, the cover is cut into two pieces of paper or cloth of the same size as the book page, and then threaded and bound together with the book page. This kind of binding method is our country's traditional framing method, which is not only easy to read but also difficult to break. Coupled with a variety of styles of books and letters, it is extraordinarily simple and elegant, until today, some books still use this binding method, as shown in Figure 1-9.
Ten, paperback
Paperback is one of the main binding forms for modern books and albums. It is usually in the form of a paper cover and a laminating film. Paperback book processing in a variety of ways: iron flat stitching, sewing set, three eyeliner set, wireless glue book, lock line set, plastic line hot set. The paperback process is simple, easy to use, and inexpensive. It is currently the most commonly used form of binding in China. It is known in the world as a paperback book and booklet.
Eleven, saddle stitch
On the stitching stapler, the book sticker and the cover are fitted and straddled on the book shelf. The iron wire is threaded into the inside of the spine of the book, and is fixed with two iron nails to form a saddle stitch.
Saddle stitching has the advantages of short process flow, fast publishing, low cost, flattening of pages, and easy reading. However, the wire nails tend to rust and have low fastness. After a long time of use, the cover and the middle pages of the pages easily fall off. Saddle-stitching is one of the most commonly used binding methods at home and abroad for binding printed materials such as periodicals, magazines, product samples, and exercise books.
Twelve, hardcover
Hardcover is an elaborate binding method for books. Generally, cardboard is used as a book shell, and a hard cover is made after the decoration process. The material of the surface layer is cloth, paper, hemp, silk fabric, lacquer cloth, and artificial leather, and a plastic film is also used as a cover. Hardcover book core processing, generally including gluing, flattening, drying, rolling round, ridge, paste gauze, adhesive plug cloth and silk screen and other processes. Book blocks can be processed into round and square backs. Hardback book backs differ from paperback books in that they have a hard back, a cavity back, and a soft back. The advantage of hardcover is that the processing is fine, beautiful, generous, easy to read, and convenient for long-term preservation. However, due to the use of expensive materials, binding fees, processing costs
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