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When paper is creped, use a slightly thicker paper because of the thinness and fineness of the paper.
4 material.绢 is a thin, soft silk fabric dominated by jacquard.绢 is often used for high-end line book covers and book letters. Sometimes used for high-grade hardcover covers. Because the weaving method is fine, the texture is thin and soft, and the surface has the jacquard pattern. Therefore, the use of the adhesive and the selection of the paper thickness must be mastered when the paper is creased. The processing must be fine, otherwise the appearance of the mat surface may be damaged or waste may be caused. .
5 materials.绫 is the thinnest and softest fabric in silk and the finest weaving process. The surface of the material is smooth and delicate, like a thin paper. It is most used for vegetarians and also has a dark jacquard form. Most of the materials are used for the bookbinding cover, back cover, back cover, line packing angle materials, scroll loading and unloading, and material and other materials. Unpretentious installations give people an elegant, quaint, artistic feel.
The same quality and high quality requirements are followed by the use of paper. It is not only used as a cover material, but also used as a material for advanced painting and calligraphy. Initial and modern calligraphers directly wrote the paintings on silk or silk.
6 cashmere. Velvet, or silk velvet, also known as velvet, is a fabric in which partially or all of the surface of a silk fabric has a towering or flattened dense pile. Fluff generally stands about 3mm in height, with a bright and lustrous surface, beautiful and generous appearance, thick and soft texture, and excellent elasticity. Variety is velvet, velvet, gold velvet, Joe cashmere, cashmere and other kinds.
Velvet is mostly used for high-grade hardcover books or luxury covers. It has a gorgeous appearance and has a strong three-dimensional effect after hot stamping.
Silk fabric used as a cover should pay attention to the following methods when processing:
A. Silk material should be shrink-proof before use. Due to the difference in texture, weaving method, and different fabrics, silk fabrics have different shrinkage rates, generally averaging 6% to 7%. Therefore, a shrink-proof treatment must be performed in advance, and the method is the same as that of the cotton fabric.
B. The silk material has good adhesive properties. Because the surface is tightly woven with silk fibers, there are many pores, and it is easy to penetrate water-soluble adhesives. After pressure, it has better adhesive properties and can be applied to a variety of adhesives. The main composition of silk is protein, not acid and alkali, acid fiber swelling case, the case of alkaline hydrolysis of the protein, silk fiber is destroyed, even if the weak acid and alkali is not suitable. Therefore, the use of acid-alkaline binders should be avoided during processing.
C, silk material hot stamping performance is good. The silk cover is easier to stamp than the cotton cover. Because of its delicate material surface, hot stamping of some fine line patterns (except satin, cashmere), the effect is better than other fabric materials, and resistant to hot temperature up to 165 °C, the general hot stamping temperature of 120 ~ 155 °C. If the cover of the velvet cover is hot, two hot presses are required to achieve the desired effect of hot stamping.
3. Hemp fabric cover material
The hemp fabric cover material is made of hemp plant fiber as a raw material, made into yarn and woven into it. The latitude and longitude lines of the linen fabric are the same, or a prominent surface of the latitude and longitude is woven into a dark lattice, and there are points of coarse lines, middle lines, and fine lines. The cover of the books and periodicals uses hemp fabrics in the coarse and medium lines of the primary color of milk. The linen cover material is simple, dignified, elegant and generous. Mostly used for high-end, large format books, pictures. Its processing method is the same as the cover of cotton and silk.
(B) coating class cover material
Coating class cover material. It is a kind of material used to replace the cover materials such as leather, fabrics, etc. by coating various materials on the basis of paper or cloth. There are many types of cover materials for the coating, and the scope of use is very wide. It is the most used material for the cover of the current book. The use of coating materials can save a large amount of animal and plant raw materials, and is easy to process, effective, and inexpensive, and is well received by users. The common types are:
1. Paint coating cover material
Lacquer coating material is a cover material that replaces leather and has been used for decades. There are two kinds of lacquer coating materials, one called lacquer cloth. That is, grass-roots for cloth; a kind called paint paper, that is, grass-roots paper.
The composition of 1 paint coating. The lacquer coating material generally consists of three layers, namely a base layer, a color layer, and a protective layer.
A, grassroots, also called the bottom layer, there are two kinds of cotton and paper. The role is to support the paint layer, fixed paint.
The cloth base layer is generally made of plain weave cloth with more than 21 yarns. The cloth base is required to be fine, soft, smooth and free of impurities and knots.
Paper base, often used more than 80g/m2 of the base paper, paper base requires smooth, uniform thickness, no tear marks, the use of cotton fiber to make the most sturdy paper.
Grass-roots materials used in the form of reel.
B, pigment layer, raw materials used are pigments, fillers and so on. The role is to display color and fill the base layer.
C. The protective layer, also known as the surface layer, is coated with a colorless nitrocellulose varnish and other auxiliary agents, and various patterns can be processed on it as required. The role is to protect the paint layer, display patterns and gloss.
2 types of paint coating. There are three types of lacquer coating materials: linoleum, exposed linoleum, and lacquer.
A, linoleum.
The linoleum is made by painting the fabric. It has been used for 50 years and although nitrocellulose varnish is contaminated, it is still used in some areas. Its characteristic is that the film itself is tough and wearable, and the surface is not easy to get dust and debris. There is a certain degree of flexibility, easy hot stamping, dimensional stability, and no fear of insects. When using, choose a smooth and clean surface, smooth, no traces, no wrinkles, no cracks, and patterns with clear, uniform, uniform color.
Because of the temperature and humidity of the linoleum accumulation and storage, the temperature is high, the humidity lacquer layer is easy to age and deteriorate, and the lacquer layer is sticking and falling off. Therefore, it is not suitable for more purchases and long-term storage.
B, exposed base cloth. The exposed base cloth is a product of the reform of the linoleum production. It is a plain lacquer cloth coated with a CMC organic silicon solution. The gap between the warp and weft is penetrated by a certain color of filler, and the surface retains the texture of the cloth body.
The coating of the exposed base coat is less than the varnished cloth, the texture is softer than the varnished cloth, the surface has no any pattern, and the odor and the price are low. The cover of the exposed base coat is solemn, simple and generous, easy to process, and is commonly used in the binding of political books, celebrity writings, etc.
C, paint paper. Paint paper is made by painting a paper base. Because it is based on paper, it has low strength and is not resistant to folding.
The lacquer coating cover material is nitrocellulose varnish on the surface, it has certain pollution and infringement on the air and human body, and it is susceptible to aging and deterioration. Although it is still used in some regions, with the development of binding materials, it will gradually be eliminated.
2. PVC coating cover material
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated cover materials are made of 80 g/m2 copper plate base paper, coated with polyvinyl chloride type II resin or polyvinyl chloride paste resin, and then embossed. This material has many varieties, a wide selection range, convenient processing and cost-effectiveness. The wear resistance, elasticity, heat resistance, and strength of the PVC cover are all suitable for bonding and hot stamping of hardcover covers. It is currently one of the most popular and most used materials for coating covers. .
1 PVC coating cover adhesive properties and use.
The PVC coating cover material has good adhesive properties, but the binder is selected properly.
A. The bottom of the PVC coating material is a paper base, suitable for adhesion of various adhesives; the surface is a PVC coating layer, and the strength of the used adhesive is greater, and the ability to bond the smooth surface of the PVC coating is required.
B, paste shell glue can be used or the same with other resin glue, when lining, because the three sides to be PVC adhesion, optional high strength vinyl acetate - vinyl VAE resin resin or paper plastic composite polypropylene plastic With adhesives, adhesion can be achieved.
2 PVC coating cover stamping performance and use.
PVC coating cover has a good hot stamping performance, hot stamping temperature does not exceed 150 °C, hot stamping time does not exceed 2 seconds, you can get good results.
A, hot stamping anodized aluminum to choose the appropriate model, such as the import of the United States Venus 400, France 338 type, domestic Panda card, peacock card, butterfly card can be.
B. Stamping with embossed PVC coating cover, the pressure should be greater, the temperature should be higher (can increase about 5 °C), the common hot stamping temperature is
120 to 145°C.
C. The elasticity of the PVC coating cover material is slightly lower than that of the lacquer cloth. Therefore, when the hot stamping plate has both large and small patterns and texts, the same degree of stress on the object to be heated should be taken care of.
D. When using the automatic hot stamping machine, always check if the temperature is normal and avoid inaccurate temperature causing quality problems.