Northeast Normal University Yangtze River Scholar publishes PNAS article

Researchers from Northeast Normal University, University of Washington, Institute of Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences published an article entitled "Intrinsic karyotype stability and gene copy number variations may have laid the foundation for tetraploid wheat formation", by analyzing four new synthesis Of allotetraploid wheat, the mechanism of the formation of tetraploid wheat species is analyzed, which will help plant breeding and develop unique wheat varieties. The research results were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

One of the corresponding authors of the article is Professor Yang Liu of the Yangtze River Scholar, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cell Research, Northeast Normal University. He graduated from Nanjing Agricultural University in his early years and is mainly engaged in the evolution and utilization of plant genomes. Researches on crop genetic improvement through hybridization and biotechnology have made many achievements in the evolution of plant allopolyploid genomes and the use of wild rice to improve rice. The research results have been recognized and praised by international authorities, and many papers have been widely cited by international colleagues.

Polyploid or whole-genome replication occurs frequently during plant evolution, but only a small percentage of whole-genome replication can successfully form species. One of the main problems in the establishment of neopolyploid is the instability of persistent karyotype.

In this article, the researchers explored the formation of tetraploid wheat heteropolyploid species, which is a landmark event in the construction of hexaploid wheat.

The results of the study indicate that karyotype stability, combined with copy number variation of the coding gene, and local changes in the genomic repeat sequence, may help to establish a successful tetraploid wheat species. This will be used for plant breeding and the development of unique wheat varieties.

The researchers analyzed the genomic composition of four newly synthesized heterotetraploid wheats by combining fluorescence and in situ hybridization based on karyotype analysis. The genome composition of them was SshSshAmAm, SlSlAA, SbSbDD, and AADD.

Although the former two have sustained karyotype stability, SbSbDD and AADD have a large number of aneuploidy and chromosomal recombination, and their paternal subgenomes have significant characteristics of chromosomal gain / loss and recombination differences. It is also worth noting that in the SshSshAmAm and SlSlAA chromatin stable lines, there are homologous gene copy number variations and repeated DNA local genomic changes.

The results of these studies indicate that the newly formed heterotetraploid wheat has a genomic combination similar to that of natural tetraploid wheat, and has persistent karyotype stability in itself. This feature, combined with rapid gene copy number variation, will lay the foundation for the establishment of tetraploid wheat.

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