Quality control mechanism of cell processing defective protein

Japanese scientists introduced in the new issue of the online edition of the American Journal of Science that they further explored the quality control mechanism of cells processing defective proteins. This achievement may help to find new treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other diseases.

Professors such as Hetian Nagata of Kyoto University in Japan found that there are three kinds of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that cooperate with each other to detect, decompose and process defective proteins, and undertake the task of quality management of the proteins in the cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-like pipeline system distributed in the cytoplasm, and has the functions of participating in protein synthesis, processing and packaging.

Scientists such as Nagata and Hong have previously discovered that a protein called "EDEM" can detect defective proteins in cells, which is equivalent to the "quality director" of intracellular proteins. In their new research, they found that two other enzymes, such as "ERdj5", also play an important role in the process of processing defective proteins.

Scientists say that these two enzymes can disassemble the defective protein, making it an elongated molecular chain, and transport the molecular chain out of the endoplasmic reticulum for disposal. Among them, "ERdj5" is the first enzyme discovered so far that can break the disulfide bond in the defective protein. Breaking down the disulfide bond allows the defective protein to be completely broken down, and the broken down amino acids can be used again to synthesize other proteins.

Gene abnormalities and other causes can cause the body to erroneously synthesize defective proteins. If these proteins accumulate in nerves and other places, they can cause diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Yongtian Hehong believes that if drugs can be used to activate intracellular quality control mechanisms in the future, it is possible to find new treatments for these diseases.

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